Unexpected Exposure Risks to Emerging Aromatic Amine Antioxidants and p-Phenylenediamine Quinones to Residents: Evidence from External and Internal Exposure as Well as Hepatotoxicity Evaluation.

ABSTRACT: Aromatic amine antioxidants (AAs), extensively used in rubber products, and their ozone-photolyzed product p-phenylenediamine quinones (PPD-Qs) were found to be pervasive in various environments and with potential ecological and health risks. The relationship between external and internal exposure to these contaminants and their exposure risks to the general population remain poorly explored. Herein, dust-handwipe-urine samples (n = 97 pairs) from families in Tianjin, China was collected for analyzing 20 AAs and 6 PPD-Qs (including self-synthesized emerging PPD-Qs). The median concentration of ∑₂₀AAs (1310 ng/g, 354 ng/m², and 18.5 ng/mL, respectively) and ∑₆PPD-Qs (1645 ng/g, 3913 ng/m² and 3.76 ng/mL, respectively) in dust, handwi

SUBMITTER: Guo Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11503790 | biostudies-literature | 2024 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature