Thymosin α1 reverses oncolytic adenovirus-induced M2 polarization of macrophages to improve antitumor immunity and therapeutic efficacy.

ABSTRACT: Although oncolytic adenoviruses are widely studied for their direct oncolytic activity and immunomodulatory role in cancer immunotherapy, the immunosuppressive feedback loop induced by oncolytic adenoviruses remains to be studied. Here, we demonstrate that type V adenovirus (ADV) induces the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to the M2 phenotype and increases the infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). By selectively compensating for these deficiencies, thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) reprograms "M2-like" TAMs toward an antitumoral phenotype, thereby reprogramming the TME into a state more beneficial for antitumor immunity. Moreover, ADV^Tα1 is constructed by harnessing the merits of all the components for the aforementioned combina

SUBMITTER: Liu K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11513825 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature