A comprehensive ultrasound approach to lower limb varicose veins and abdominal-pelvic connections.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

Pelvic venous reflux may be responsible for pelvic venous disorders and/or lower-limb (LL) varicose veins. Ultrasound investigation with Doppler allows a complete study of the entire infra-diaphragmatic venous reservoir. The aim of this study was to guide and standardize the investigation of the pelvic origin of venous reflux in female patients with LL varicose veins.

Methods

In this case-control study, we applied a comprehensive ultrasound investigation protocol, which involved four steps: (1) venous mapping of the lower limbs; (2) transperineal and vulvar approach; (3) transabdominal approach; and (4) transvaginal approach.

Results

Forty-four patients in group 1 (patients with LL varicose veins and pelvic escape points [PEPs]) and 35 patients in group 2 (p

SUBMITTER: Barros FS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11523420 | biostudies-literature | 2024 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature