Association of Smoking with Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3 to 5: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

ABSTRACT: Background: Previous studies suggested that smoking behavior (e.g., smoking status) was associated with an elevated risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet whether this association is causal remains uncertain. Methods: We used data for half million participants aged 40 to 69 years from the UK Biobank cohort. In the traditional observational study, we used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate the associations between 2 smoking indices-smoking status and lifetime smoking index and incident CKD stages 3 to 5. Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches were used to estimate a potential causal effect. In one-sample MR, genetic variants associated with lifetime smoking index were used as instrument variables to examine the causal associations with CKD stages 3 to 5, among 34

SUBMITTER: Zhang Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11532587 | biostudies-literature | 2024

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature