HOXD9/APOC1 axis promotes macrophage M1 polarization to exacerbate diabetic kidney disease progression through activating NF-κB signaling pathway.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a complication caused by end-stage diabetes mellitus and usually results in glomerular podocyte injury. Exosomes are important for intercellular information exchange. However, the effect of podocyte exosomes on DKD has not been elucidated.

Methods

GEO, PROMO, and GSE1009 databases were used to identify the gene APOC1 and transcription factor HOXD9. qRT-PCR, western blot, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were investigated to confirm APOC1 change in high glucose-treated podocytes and exosomes. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, qPCR, immunoblotting, wound healing, Transwell invasion assays, dual luciferase assay, and ChIP-PCR assay were performed to detect the effect of APOC1 and HOXD9 on macrophage polarization in high gl

SUBMITTER: Feng Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11542400 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature