Persistently active El Nino-Southern Oscillation since the Mesozoic.

ABSTRACT: The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), originating in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, is a defining mode of interannual climate variability with profound impact on global climate and ecosystems. However, an understanding of how the ENSO might have evolved over geological timescales is still lacking, despite a well-accepted recognition that such an understanding has direct implications for constraining human-induced future ENSO changes. Here, using climate simulations, we show that ENSO has been a leading mode of tropical sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the past 250 My but with substantial variations in amplitude across geological periods. We show this result by performing and analyzing a series of coupled time-slice climate simulations forced by paleogeography, a

SUBMITTER: Li X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11551443 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature