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The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks.

ABSTRACT: During performance of attention-demanding cognitive tasks, certain regions of the brain routinely increase activity, whereas others routinely decrease activity. In this study, we investigate the extent to which this task-related dichotomy is represented intrinsically in the resting human brain through examination of spontaneous fluctuations in the functional MRI blood oxygen level-dependent signal. We identify two diametrically opposed, widely distributed brain networks on the basis of both spontaneous correlations within each network and anticorrelations between networks. One network consists of regions routinely exhibiting task-related activations and the other of regions routinely exhibiting task-related deactivations. This intrinsic organization, featuring the presence of anticorrelated networks in the absence of overt task performance, provides a critical context in which to understand brain function. We suggest that both task-driven neuronal responses and behavior are reflections of this dynamic, ongoing, functional organization of the brain.

SUBMITTER: Fox MD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1157105 | biostudies-literature | 2005 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks.

Fox Michael D MD Snyder Abraham Z AZ Vincent Justin L JL Corbetta Maurizio M Van Essen David C DC Raichle Marcus E ME

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20050623 27

During performance of attention-demanding cognitive tasks, certain regions of the brain routinely increase activity, whereas others routinely decrease activity. In this study, we investigate the extent to which this task-related dichotomy is represented intrinsically in the resting human brain through examination of spontaneous fluctuations in the functional MRI blood oxygen level-dependent signal. We identify two diametrically opposed, widely distributed brain networks on the basis of both spon ...[more]

PMID: 15976020

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Project description:During the performance of a specific task--or at rest--, the activity of different brain regions shares statistical dependencies that reflect functional connections. While these relationships have been studied intensely for positively correlated networks, considerably less attention has been paid to negatively correlated networks, a. k.a. anticorrelated networks (ACNs). Although the most celebrated of all ACNs is the default mode network (DMN), and has even been extensively studied in health and disease, for systematically all ACNs other than DMN, there is no comprehensive study yet. Here, we have addressed this issue by making use of three neuroimaging data sets: one of N = 192 healthy young adults to fully describe ACN, another of N = 40 subjects to compare ACN between two groups of young and old participants, and another of N = 1,000 subjects from the Human Connectome Project to evaluate the association between ACN and cognitive scores. We first provide a comprehensive description of the anatomical composition of all ACNs, each of which participated in distinct resting-state networks (RSNs). In terms of participation ranking, from highest to the lowest, the major anticorrelated brain areas are the precuneus, the anterior supramarginal gyrus and the central opercular cortex. Next, by evaluating a more detailed structure of ACN, we show it is possible to find significant differences in ACN between specific conditions, in particular, by comparing groups of young and old participants. Our main finding is that of increased anticorrelation for cerebellar interactions in older subjects. Finally, in the voxel-level association study with cognitive scores, we show that ACN has multiple clusters of significance, clusters that are different from those obtained from positive correlated networks, indicating a functional cognitive meaning of ACN. Overall, our results give special relevance to ACN and suggest their use to disentangle unknown alterations in certain conditions, as could occur in early-onset neurodegenerative diseases or in some psychiatric conditions.

Dataset Information

The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks.

Publications

The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks.

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