Targeted delivery of extracellular vesicles: the mechanisms, techniques and therapeutic applications.

ABSTRACT: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived vesicles with a phospholipid bilayer measuring 50-150 nm in diameter with demonstrated therapeutic potentials. Limitations such as the natural biodistribution (mainly concentrated in the liver and spleen) and short plasma half-life of EVs present significant challenges to their clinical translation. In recent years, growing research indicated that engineered EVs with enhanced targeting to lesion sites have markedly promoted therapeutic efficacy. However, there is a dearth of systematic knowledge on the recent advances in engineering EVs for targeted delivery. Herein, we provide an overview of the targeting mechanisms, engineering techniques, and clinical translations of natural and engineered EVs in therapeutic applications. Enrichment of EVs a

SUBMITTER: Zhao S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11579273 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature