Advancing analytical and graphical methods for binary and ternary mixtures: The toxic interactions of divalent metal ions in human lung cells.

ABSTRACT: Humans are exposed to various environmental chemicals, particles, and pathogens that can cause adverse health outcomes. These exposures are rarely homogenous but rather complex mixtures in which the components may interact, such as through synergism or antagonism. Toxicologists have conducted preliminary investigations into binary mixtures of two components, but little work has been done to understand mixtures of three or more components. We investigated mixtures of divalent metal ions, quantifying the toxic interactions in a human lung model. Eight metals were chosen: heavy metals cadmium, copper, lead, and tin, as well as transition metals iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc. Human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) were exposed to individual metals and sixteen binary and six ternary combina

SUBMITTER: Liu JY 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11615481 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature