A novel online survey approach designed to measure consumer sunscreen application thickness-implications for estimating environmental emissions.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The effects of ultraviolet (UV) filters in the aquatic environment have been well studied, but environmental exposures remain unclear and understudied. Consumer usage directly influences the amount of sunscreen products, and subsequently UV filters, potentially released into the environment.

Objective

To conduct a literature review of previous research into sunscreen application thickness, develop a questionnaire protocol designed to semi-quantify sunscreen usage by US consumers, and conduct a large-scale survey to determine a sunscreen application thickness (to face and body) that is more refined than conservative defaults. The United States Food & Drug Administration (US FDA) recommends a sunscreen application rate of 2 mg/cm². This value is typically

SUBMITTER: Carrao AM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11618062 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature