Influence of Nd³⁺ ion on piezoelectric studies in lead barium niobate ferroelectric ceramics for device applications.

ABSTRACT: Pb₁₋ₓ₋₃_y/₂BaₓReᵧ³⁺Nb₂O₆ (PBN) ceramics, where x = 0.35 and y = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and Re³⁺ = Nd³⁺, were successfully synthesized using the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of a pure, single-phase tetragonal structure in both undoped and Nd³⁺-modified PBN ceramics. Rietveld refinement demonstrated a strong correlation between experimental and calculated profiles, with crystallite sizes ranging from 22.6 to 25.11 nm, indicating a gradual increase in size with increasing Nd³⁺ substitution. Grain size analysis showed values between 1.09 μm and 3.95 μm, with the microstructure becoming more refined as Nd³⁺ content increased. The maximum density of 5.95 g/cm³ was achieved at y = 0.06, reflecting optimal densification from Nd³⁺

SUBMITTER: Parajuli D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11629232 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature