A New Clinical Test to Evaluate Intrinsic Foot Muscle Function.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Intrinsic foot muscle weakness has been implicated in a wide range of forefoot conditions and is typically measured by the paper grip test. The proposed "knuckle test" is intended to evaluate intrinsic foot muscle function, in which active flexion of toes makes the metatarsal heads ("knuckles") prominent in the forefoot. This study seeks to compare prevalence of negative knuckle test results and intrinsic muscle weakness in patients, primarily by association with a positive paper grip test result and secondarily with presence of toe deformities.

Methods

Ninety-eight patients, 55 with toe deformity and 43 without, were evaluated for ability to flex their toes to the extent of knuckle prominence (knuckle test) and grip paper on the ground with their toes (paper grip

SUBMITTER: Panchbhavi M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11635877 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature