Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Extracellular Vesicles from <i>Ecklonia cava</i> on 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate-Induced Skin Inflammation in Mice.

ABSTRACT: Steroids, which are often used to treat the inflammation associated with various skin diseases, have several negative side effects. As Ecklonia cava extract has anti-inflammatory effects in various diseases, we evaluated the efficacy of Ecklonia cava-derived extracellular vesicles (EVEs) in decreasing 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation. We determined the effect of the EVEs on the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome in human keratinocytes and mouse ear skin. TPA-treated human keratinocytes showed an increased expression of TLR4 and its ligands HMGB1 and S100A8. TPA also increased the expression of (1) NF-κB; (2) the NLRP3 inflammasome components NLRP3, ASC, and caspase 1; and (3) the pyroptosis-related factors GSDMD-NT, IL-18, and IL-1β. However, the exp

SUBMITTER: Kim G 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11641720 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature