Should We Consider Neurodegeneration by Itself or in a Triangulation with Neuroinflammation and Demyelination? The Example of Multiple Sclerosis and Beyond.

ABSTRACT: Neurodegeneration is preeminent in many neurological diseases, and still a major burden we fail to manage in patient's care. Its pathogenesis is complicated, intricate, and far from being completely understood. Taking multiple sclerosis as an example, we propose that neurodegeneration is neither a cause nor a consequence by itself. Mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to energy deficiency and ion imbalance, plays a key role in neurodegeneration, and is partly caused by the oxidative stress generated by microglia and astrocytes. Nodal and paranodal disruption, with or without myelin alteration, is further involved. Myelin loss exposes the axons directly to the inflammatory and oxidative environment. Moreover, oligodendrocytes provide a singular metabolic and trophic support to axons, but do n

SUBMITTER: Perdaens O 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11641818 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature