ABSTRACT: Species of the genus Pempheris Cuvier, 1829 (Pempheridae) from Japan and Taiwan are taxonomically reviewed based on morphology supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis. Ten species are recognized from these countries: Pempherisadusta Bleeker, 1855, Pempherisfamilia Koeda & Motomura, 2017, Pempherisjaponica Döderlein, 1883, Pempherisnyctereutes Jordan & Evermann, 1902, Pempherisoualensis Cuvier, 1831, Pempherissasakii Jordan & Hubbs, 1925, Pempherisschwenkii Bleeker, 1877, Pempherisufuagari Koeda, Yoshino & Tachihara, 2013, Pempherisvanicolensis Cuvier, 1831, Pempherisxanthoptera Tominaga, 1963. Nine of them are distributed in Japan, and five of them in Taiwan. Pempherissasakii and P.xanthoptera,
