A phytoremediation approach for the restoration of coal fly ash polluted sites: A review.

ABSTRACT: Coal fly ash (CFA) is a predominant waste by-product of coal combustion which is disposed of in open ash dams that utilize large pieces of land. This waste material is classified as a hazardous substance in South Africa as well as in other countries due to its fine particles that are easily blown to the atmosphere and the unacceptable levels of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. Contaminants in CFA can pollute surface and ground water, agricultural sites, soil and therefore pose risks to the health of humans and the environment. More than 500 million tons of CFA is produced yearly and over 200 million tons remain unused globally. The production will continue due to high consumer energy demands, especially in countries with heavy reliance on coal for power generation. Despite a

SUBMITTER: Banda MF 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11650309 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature