Association of low-level heavy metal exposure with risk of chronic kidney disease and long-term mortality.

ABSTRACT:

Background

While the nephrotoxicity of lead and cadmium is well-established, the impact of low-level exposure on risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and long-term health outcomes, especially in CKD patients, remains unclear. This study examines the association between low-level lead and cadmium exposure with risks of CKD and long-term mortality.

Method

We analyzed data from adult participants of 2003-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Elevated blood lead (≥ 1.5 μg/dL) and cadmium (≥ 0.4 μg/L) levels were assessed for their associations with CKD and all-cause mortality, with survival tracked until December 31, 2019.

Results

Among the 24,810 participant

SUBMITTER: Kuo PF 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11651581 | biostudies-literature | 2024

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature