Application of cryoablation in animal models of bladder and muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a narrative review of current status and future perspectives.

ABSTRACT:

Background and objective

In patients diagnosed with bladder cancer (BC), muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) accounts for 25%, including tumors invading the intrinsic muscle layer (T2), surrounding tissues of the bladder (T3), or adjacent pelvic organs/structures (T4). Cryoablation promises to be a novel interventional oncology technique, which effectively induces cellular destruction through freezing and thawing cycles. In addition to the direct tumor-killing effect, it also has a tumor-immune effect. Although this technique has been widely used among solid tumors, including liver, lung, and breast cancer, there have been few studies on tumors of hollow organs, such as BC. Thus, we summarized the application of cryoablation in BC according to reports from animal models and clini

SUBMITTER: Wang YF 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11652053 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature