Protogenin facilitates trunk-to-tail HOX code transition via modulating GDF11/SMAD2 signaling in mammalian embryos.

ABSTRACT: During embryogenesis, vertebral axial patterning is intricately regulated by multiple signaling networks. This study elucidates the role of protogenin (Prtg), an immunoglobulin superfamily member, in vertebral patterning control. Prtg knockout (Prtg^-/-) mice manifest anterior homeotic transformations in their vertebral columns and significant alterations in homeobox (Hox) gene expression. Transcriptomic profiling of Prtg^-/- mouse embryos highlights Prtg-regulated genes involved in axial development, particularly within the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway. Reduced TGFβ signaling in Prtg^-/- mouse embryos is evidenced by decreased phosphorylated Smad2 (pSmad2) levels and

SUBMITTER: Hung YS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11659552 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature