Global disease burden analysis of Cardiometabolic disease attributable to second-hand smoke exposure from 1990 to 2040.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a strong but comparatively controllable cardiometabolic risk factor. This study aims to assess the present and future burden of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) from SHS exposure.

Methods

Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) framework, we examined mortality and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) from CMDs attributable to SHS, by age, sex, and year, including cardiovascular disease [CVD, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and/or stroke], and/or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) from 1990 to 2019. The predicted death number and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) from 2020 to 2040 were estimated by the Bayesian age-period cohort (BAPC) model.

Results

SHS exposure declined until 2016 but stabilized or increased thereafter. From 1990 to

SUBMITTER: Liu Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11664086 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature