Unraveling the impact of SARS-CoV-2 mutations on immunity: insights from innate immune recognition to antibody and T cell responses.

ABSTRACT: Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the emergence of new viral variants has challenged public health efforts, often evading antibody responses generated by infections and vaccinations. This immune escape has led to waves of breakthrough infections, raising questions about the efficacy and durability of immune protection. Here we focus on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron spike mutations on ACE-2 receptor binding, protein stability, and immune response evasion. Delta and Omicron variants had 3-5 times higher binding affinities to ACE-2 than the ancestral strain (KD_wt = 23.4 nM, KD_Delta = 8.08 nM, KD_BA.1 = 4.77 nM, KD_BA.2 = 4.47 nM). The pattern recognition molecule mannose-binding lectin (MBL) has been shown to recognize the spike protein.

SUBMITTER: Bayarri-Olmos R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11666439 | biostudies-literature | 2024

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature