Sex differences in disease: sex chromosome and immunity.

ABSTRACT: Sex is a fundamental biological variable that influences immune system function, with sex chromosomes (X and Y) playing a central role in these differences. Despite substantial evidence of disparities in immune responses between males and females, biomedical research has historically overlooked sex as a critical factor. This oversight has contributed to the observed disparities in susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and malignancies between the sexes. In this review, we address the phenomena and mechanisms through which aberrant expression of sex chromosome-linked genes contributes to sex-based differences in immune responses. We specifically focus on the implications of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) escape and loss of Y chromosome (LOY). Our review aims to elucid

SUBMITTER: Feng Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11673612 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature