Changes and stability of hand nicotine levels in children of smokers: Associations with urinary biomarkers, reported child tobacco smoke exposure, and home smoking bans.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Exposure to thirdhand smoke (THS) residue takes place through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal transfer. Hand nicotine levels have been proposed to measure THS pollution in the environment of children, but little is known about its variability and stability over time and correlates of change.

Objectives

The goal was to determine the stability of hand nicotine in comparison to urinary biomarkers and to explore factors that influence changes in hand nicotine.

Methods

Data were collected from 0 to 11-year-old children (Mean age = 5.9) who lived with ≥1 tobacco smokers (N = 129). At a 6-week interval, we collected repeated measures of hand nicotine, four urinary biomarkers (cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, nicotelline N-oxides, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(

SUBMITTER: Matt GE 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11678324 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature