The structural basis of protective and nonprotective human monoclonal antibodies targeting the parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase.

ABSTRACT: Parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV3) infection poses a substantial risk to vulnerable groups including infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, and lacks effective treatments or vaccines. This study focuses on targeting the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein, a structural glycoprotein of PIV3 critical for viral infection and egress. With the objective of targeting these activities of HN, we identified eight neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with potent effects on viral neutralization, cell-cell fusion inhibition, and complement deposition. Three epitopes on PIV3 HN were delineated and one epitope, Site 2, elicits a mAb with cross-neutralizing ability against PIV1 and PIV3. Cryo-EM revealed the cross-neutralizing mAb utilizes a long CDR3 loop to bind inside the p

SUBMITTER: Miller RJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11686389 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature