Investigating causal relationships of blood and urine biomarkers with urological cancer risks: a mendelian randomization study and colocalization analyses.

ABSTRACT: Background: Establishing the causal links between biomarkers and cancer enhances understanding of risk factors and facilitates the discovery of therapeutic targets. To this end, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analysis to explore the causal relationship of blood and urinary biomarkers (BUBs) with urological cancers (UCs). Methods: First, we used a two-sample MR study to explore the causal relationship between 33 BUBs and 4 UCs, while we performed reverse Mendelian randomization. After Bonferroni correction, for BUB and UC with significant causality we confirmed the direct causality by multivariate MR adjusting for relevant risk factors. We also applied two-step MR analysis to further explore the possible mediators between BUB and UC with significant ca

SUBMITTER: Li J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11705052 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature