SIX1 aggravates the progression of spinal cord injury in mice by promoting M1 polarization of microglia.

ABSTRACT: Inflammation aggravates secondary damage following spinal cord injury (SCI). M1 microglia induce inflammation and exert neurotoxic effects, whereas M2 microglia exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. The sine oculis homeobox (SIX) gene family consists of six members, including sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1)-SIX6. SIX1 is expressed in microglia and promotes inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the role and underlying mechanisms of SIX1 in microglia polarization in vitro (LPS-treated mouse microglia; BV2 cells) and in vivo (a mouse model of SCI). SIX1 expression was increased in the microglia of mice with SCI. SIX1 was positively correlated with the M1 microglia marker inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and negatively correlated with the M2 microglia marker arg

SUBMITTER: Xu Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11711668 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature