A pan-genome perspective on the evolutionary dynamics of polyphyly, virulence, and antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Mbandaka highlights emerging threats to public health and food safety posed by cloud gene families.

ABSTRACT: Salmonella enterica serovar Mbandaka, a prevalent foodborne pathogen, poses a threat to public health but remains poorly understood. We have determined the phylogenomic tree, genetic diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles on a large genomic scale to elucidate the evolutionary dynamics within the Mbandaka pan-genome. The polyphyletic nature of this serovar is characterized by two distinct phylogenetic groups and inter-serovar recombination boundaries, that potentially arising from recombination events at the H2-antigen loci. The open pan-genome exhibited a flexible gene repertoire, with numerous cloud gene families involved in virulence and AMR. Extensive gene gain and loss observed at the terminal nodes of the phylogenetic tree indicate that Mbandaka indiv

SUBMITTER: Kan NP 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11719860 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature