Acute, chronic, and behavioral toxicity of fluorine-free foams to earthworm species Eisenia fetida and Dendrobaena veneta.

ABSTRACT: Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely used as fire suppressants. Due to rising health and environmental concerns, fluorine-free foams (F3) are being developed and tested as safer alternatives. However, the impact of these replacement products on ecologically important earthworms has not been adequately studied. This study addresses this gap by comparing the acute, chronic, and behavioral effects of two F3 formulations, BioEx Ecopol and Angus Fire Jetfoam, with a commonly used PFAS-containing AFFF, Buckeye, on two species of earthworms. Soil treated with BioEx Ecopol and Buckeye at the maximum 3% concentration did not cause significant acute mortality in Eisenia fetida, whereas Angus Fire Jetfoam resulted in 100% mortality at the

SUBMITTER: Yeardley R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11729015 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature