Viroporin activity is necessary for intercellular calcium signals that contribute to viral pathogenesis.

ABSTRACT: Viruses engage in a variety of processes to subvert host defenses and create an environment amenable to replication. Here, using rotavirus as a prototype, we show that calcium conductance out of the endoplasmic reticulum by the virus encoded ion channel, NSP4, induces intercellular calcium waves that extend beyond the infected cell and contribute to pathogenesis. Viruses that lack the ability to induce this signaling show diminished viral shedding and attenuated disease in a mouse model of rotavirus diarrhea. This implicates nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) as a virulence factor and provides mechanistic insight into its mode of action. Critically, this signaling induces a transcriptional signature characteristic of interferon-independent innate immune activation, which is not observed

SUBMITTER: Gebert JT 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11740935 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature