CD34⁺ and CD34^- MM cells show different immune-checkpoint molecule expression profiles: high expression of CD112 and CD137 ligand on CD34⁺ MM cells.

ABSTRACT: Despite the introduction of new drugs, multiple myeloma (MM) still remains incurable. We previously reported that CD34⁺ MM cells, which are clonogenic and self-renewing, are therapy-resistant and persist as a major component of minimal residual disease, expanding during relapse. To investigate the effects of immunotherapies such as immune-checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T therapy, and bispecific antibodies on CD34⁺ MM cells, we analyzed immune profiles of both MM cells and T cells from MM patients using microarrays and flow cytometry. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed 14 out of 289 canonical pathways were more active in CD34⁺ MM cells compared to CD34^- cells, many of which were involved in inflammation and immune responses. Notably, PD-1 signaling-r

SUBMITTER: Fukui-Morimoto A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11742359 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature