When to change needles during neuromodulator injections-An electron-microscopy investigation into needle tip deformation.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Neuromodulator injections are minimally invasive procedures performed across the globe. Despite their ubiquity, there is a dearth of information on whether and how needle tips used for neuromodulator procedures are deformed after repeated injections.

Objective

We investigated the magnitude of needle tip deformation following sequential injection passes (3×, 5×, and 10×) during facial neuromodulator injections with three commonly used needle sizes (30G, 31G, and 32G).

Methods

Neuromodulator was administered for four different aesthetic indications. Each collected needle was mounted and imaged in a Philips XL-30 Scanning electron microscope. Images were processed using ImageJ photo analysis software.

Results

Forty-five needle tips were investigated. Wh

SUBMITTER: Akintilo L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11743232 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature