Direct-Print 3D Electrodes for Large-Scale, High-Density, and Customizable Neural Interfaces.

ABSTRACT: Silicon-based microelectronics can scalably record and modulate neural activity at high spatiotemporal resolution, but their planar form factor poses challenges in targeting 3D neural structures. A method for fabricating tissue-penetrating 3D microelectrodes directly onto planar microelectronics using high-resolution 3D printing via 2-photon polymerization and scalable microfabrication technologies are presented. This approach enables customizable electrode shape, height, and positioning for precise targeting of neuron populations distributed in 3D. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated in tackling the critical challenge of interfacing with the retina-specifically, selectively targeting retinal ganglion cell (RGC) somas while avoiding the axon bundle layer. 6,600-microelectrod

SUBMITTER: Wang P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11744676 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature