Multiplex immunohistochemistry to explore the tumor immune microenvironment in HCC patients with different GPC3 expression.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

GPC3 has been recognized as a promising target for immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the GPC3-targeted immunotherapies have shown limited therapeutic efficacy. The use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies in HCC treatment is considerably constrained. Furthermore, there is still a notable lack of understanding concerning the immune landscape in HCC, especially regarding varied GPC3 expression levels. Therefore, thorough exploration of the intricate tumor immune microenvironment at different GPC3 expression levels is essential for guiding and improving HCC treatment strategies.

Methods

Sixty patients with HCC were enrolled in this study, receiving a first-line treatment that combined anti-angiogenesis targeted drugs and immunotherapy. Imm

SUBMITTER: Zhou M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11748271 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature