Small extracellular vesicles derived from sequential stimulation of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhance anti-inflammatory activity.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recognized for their therapeutic potential in immune modulation and tissue repair, especially in veterinary medicine. This study introduces an innovative sequential stimulation (IVES) technique, involving low-oxygen gas mixture preconditioning using in vitro fertilization gas (IVFG) and direct current electrical stimulation (ES20), to enhance the anti-inflammatory properties of sEVs from canine adipose-derived MSCs (cAD-MSCs). Initial steps involved isolation and comprehensive characterization of cAD-MSCs, including morphology, gene expression, and differentiation potentials, alongside validation of the electrical stimulation protocol. IVFG, ES20, and IVES were applied simultaneously with

SUBMITTER: Oontawee S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11748882 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature