GSH/pH-responsive copper-based cascade nanocomplexes inducing immunogenic cell death through cuproptosis/ferroptosis/necroptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

ABSTRACT: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a formidable challenge due to high recurrence rates and limited efficacy of conventional treatments. Immunotherapy holds potential, but its effectiveness is often restricted by low patient responsiveness. This study presents a novel therapeutic strategy using GSH/pH-responsive copper-based cascade nanocomplexes to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) in OSCC. The fabricated nanocomplex, PC@B-H, leverages the acidic and reducing tumor microenvironment to release copper ions and plumbagin, triggering a cascade of cell death mechanisms including cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis. This multifunctional system not only enhances oxidative stress but also depletes glutathione, promotes lipid peroxidation, and disrupts mitochondrial function, leadi

SUBMITTER: Sun Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11750277 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature