Investigating male factors and their relationships with reproductive health outcomes: a case-control study protocol for Towards Optimal Fertility, Fathering, and Fatherhood studY (TOFFFY) in Singapore.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Despite the global prevalence of low fertility rates, male contributions to fertility and reproductive health outcomes have been understudied. This study aims to investigate the male contribution to fertility and explore the underlying biological mechanisms. Specifically, we aim to (1) identify male factors associated with successful pregnancy, (2) develop a fertility index incorporating modifiable factors for both males and females to predict pregnancy rate and (3) explore the relationship of male modifiable factors with semen parameters and molecular characteristics.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct an unmatched case-control study involving 240 couples with impaired male fertility (cases) and 240 couples with normal male fertility (controls). Between July

SUBMITTER: Ku CW 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11751997 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature