Unveiling the signal valve specifically tuning the TGF-β1 suppression of osteogenesis: mediation through a SMAD1-SMAD2 complex.

ABSTRACT:

Background

TGF-β1 is the most abundant cytokine in bone, in which it serves as a vital factor to interdict adipogenesis and osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). However, how TGF-β1 concurrently manipulates differentiation into these two distinct lineages remains elusive.

Methods

Treatments with ligands or inhibitors followed by biochemical characterization, reporter assay, quantitative PCR and induced differentiation were applied to MSC line or primary BM-MSCs for signaling dissection. In vivo adipogenesis and ex vivo culture of bone explants were used to verify the functions of different SMAD complexes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, and analysis of transcriptomic datasets from human BM-MSCs in combination with hierarchical clustering and STRIN

SUBMITTER: Wang YW 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11752969 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature