Three-dimensional analysis of facial morphology in nine-year-old children with different unilateral orofacial clefts compared to normative data.

ABSTRACT:

Aim

To compare three-dimensional (3D) facial morphology of various unilateral cleft subphenotypes at 9-years of age to normative data using a general face template and automatic landmarking. The secondary objective is to compare facial morphology of 9-year-old children with unilateral fusion to differentiation defects.

Methods

3D facial stereophotogrammetric images of 9-year-old unilateral cleft patients were imported into 3DMedX® for processing. All images of patients with a right sided cleft were mirrored. A regionalized general facial template was used for standardization. This template was pre-aligned to each face using five automatically determined landmarks and fitted using MeshMonk. All cleft patients were compared to an age-and gender matched normative face using dis

SUBMITTER: Crins-de Koning M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11758908 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature