What sustain Chinese adult second language (L2) learners' engagement in online classes? A sequential mix-methods study on the roles of L2 motivation and enjoyment.

ABSTRACT: Recent research has integrated positive psychology with the Second Language Motivational Self System (L2MMS) to explore how enjoyment, L2 self-guides (including ideal L2 self and ought-to L2 self), and engagement interact among school-aged second-language (L2) learners. However, there is a significant gap in understanding these dynamics among adult learners, particularly those who primarily learn a second language online-a group that has been largely overlooked. To address this gap, our study examined the underlying mechanisms connecting these constructs. We employed a sequential mixed-methods approach with 367 adult L2 learners enrolled in online language courses at three universities in China. Quantitative data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with Amos 24, revealin

SUBMITTER: Li Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11759370 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature