Physical demands and physiological response of soccer referees in high-level matches: A systematic review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The match physical demands placed on soccer referees are intrinsically connected to their capacity to make accurate judgments, becoming the second most studied theme in associate soccer refereeing.

Objective

This study aims to review the external and internal load performed by soccer referees in high-level competitions, to identify changes in these indicators over different periods as the competition progresses, and to analyze the standards for dividing speed zones and heart rate zones.

Methods

Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost were thoroughly searched. Grey literature sources and Google Scholar were also consulted, with a focus on analysing and comparing the physical demands of soccer referees at different phases of high-level matches.

Resul

SUBMITTER: Zhang L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11759383 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature