Associations between degree of food processing and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a multicentre prospective cohort analysis in 9 European countries.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been linked with higher risk of mortality. This multi-centre study investigated associations between food intake by degree of processing, using the Nova classification, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Methods

This study analyzed data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. All-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality due to cancer, circulatory diseases, digestive diseases, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease served as endpoints. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Substitution analyses were also performed.

Findings

Overall, 428,728 (71.7% female) participants were included in the analys

SUBMITTER: Gonzalez-Gil EM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11764076 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature