Nutcracker syndrome (a Delphi consensus).

ABSTRACT:

Background

Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) describes the symptomatic compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery. Whereas asymptomatic compression is a common radiological finding, patients with NCS can report a range of symptoms. There are no specific diagnostic criteria and interventions include a range of open surgical and endovascular procedures. Therefore, we wished to develop an international consensus document covering aspects of diagnosis, management, and follow-up for patients with NCS.

Methods

A three-stage modified Delphi consensus was performed. A steering committee developed 37 statements covering 3 categories for patients with NCS: diagnosis, management, and follow-up. These statements were reported individually by 20 internati

SUBMITTER: Heilijgers F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11764206 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature