Pyrrolysine Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase as a Tool for Expanding the Genetic Code.

ABSTRACT: In addition to the 20 canonical amino acids encoded in the genetic code, there are two non-canonical ones: selenocysteine and pyrrolysine. The discovery of pyrrolysine synthetases (PylRSs) was a key event in the field of genetic code expansion research. The importance of this discovery is mainly due to the fact that the translation systems involving PylRS, pyrrolysine tRNA (tRNA^Pyl) and pyrrolysine are orthogonal to the endogenous translation systems of organisms that do not use this amino acid in protein synthesis. In addition, pyrrolysine synthetases belonging to different groups are also mutually orthogonal. This orthogonality is based on the structural features of PylRS and tRNA^Pyl, which include identical elements, such as a condensed core, certain base pairs and

SUBMITTER: Dakhnevich A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11764691 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature