[Long-term courses of major depressive disorder : Characteristics, risk factors and the definitional challenge of treatment response].

ABSTRACT:

Background

The definition of long-term courses of depression is heterogeneous. Chronic and treatment-resistant courses, in particular, represent a high-cost factor and greatly reduce the quality of life. Based on the pharmacotherapeutic treatment-resistant depression (TRD), more and more systemic approaches are becoming important.

Objective

This narrative review provides an overview of the long-term course of depressive disorders, including various definitions and influencing factors. In addition, an overview of biomarker research on treatment response with a focus on neuroimaging is presented.

Material and methods

A selective literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar for a narrative review. Particular attention was given to larger cohort studies, s

SUBMITTER: Paetow R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11772401 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature