Who is American? A comprehensive analysis of the American = White/Foreign = Asian stereotype (2007-2023).

ABSTRACT: Against the backdrop of increasing ethnic diversity in the U.S., we replicate, extend, and challenge previous examinations of the American = White/Foreign = Asian stereotype in the largest sample to date (N = 666,623 respondents) over 17 years (2007-2023). Six key findings emerged. First, a robust American = White association emerged on implicit (Cohen's d = 0.50) and explicit (Cohen's d = 0.51) measures. Second, the strength of this effect varied by respondents' race/ethnicity with implicit stereotypes strongest among White respondents (Cohen's d = 0.86) and absent among East Asian respondents (Cohen's d = 0.02). Third, the strength of implicit stereotypes was modulated by age, religion, and ideology-older, Christian, and conservative respondents displayed stronger implicit American = Whi

SUBMITTER: Morehouse KN 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11772830 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature