Global trends in the burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. This study evaluates the trends in IHD burden attributable to smoking, utilizing Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) data, across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. By examining age-standardized death rates (ASDR) and disability-adjusted life years (ASRDALYs), the study provides insights into the spatiotemporal variations associated with smokingattributable IHD in different sociodemographic regions.

Methods

Data on smoking-attributable IHD mortality and DALYs were obtained from the GBD 2021 database. This secondary analysis examined ASDR and ASRDALYs for IHD as primary outcomes, with active smoking as the primary exposure. Temporal trends were analyze

SUBMITTER: Wang Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11775718 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature