Association between some environmental risk factors and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among children in Egypt: a case-control study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex disease that negatively impacts the social and academic/occupational activities of children and is more common in boys than in girls.

Methods

This case-control study aimed to assess the association between some environmental risk factors and ADHD among children in Alexandria, Egypt. It was carried out at the outpatient clinics of El Shatby Pediatric University Hospital in Alexandria, Egypt, with 252 children (126 cases and 126 controls). Hair samples were collected for analysis of lead and manganese levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. A pre-designed interview questionnaire was used to determine the important environmental risk factors that may be related to ADHD.

Results

Children fro

SUBMITTER: Hussein RA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11776284 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature