A novel framework for assessing causal effect of microbiome on health: long-term antibiotic usage as an instrument.

ABSTRACT: Assessing causality is undoubtedly one of the key questions in microbiome studies for the upcoming years. Since randomized trials in human subjects are often unethical or difficult to pursue, analytical methods to derive causal effects from observational data deserve attention. As simple covariate adjustment is not likely to account for all potential confounders, the idea of instrumental variable (IV) analysis is worth exploiting. Here we propose a novel framework of antibiotic instrumental variable regression (AB-IVR) for estimating the causal relationships between microbiome and various diseases. We rely on the recent studies showing that antibiotic treatment has a cumulative long-term effect on the microbiome, resulting in individuals with higher antibiotic usage to have a more perturbe

SUBMITTER: Taba N 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11776458 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature