TBX3 shapes an immunosuppressive microenvironment and induces immunotherapy resistance.

ABSTRACT: Background: Identifying biomarkers that predict immunotherapy efficacy and discovering new targets for combination therapies are critical elements for improving the prognosis of bladder cancer (BLCA) patients. Methods: Firstly, we explored the expression patterns of TBX3 in normal and pan-cancer tissues and the correlation between TBX3 and the immune microenvironment using data from multiple public databases. Then, we combined various techniques, including bulk RNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing, high-throughput cytokine arrays, functional experiments, ProcartaPlex multiplex immunoassays and TissueFAXS panoramic tissue quantification assays, to demonstrate that TBX3 shapes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in BLCA. Results: We identified TBX3 as

SUBMITTER: Liu Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11780534 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature