Agmatine suppresses glycolysis via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway and improves mitochondrial function in microglia exposed to lipopolysaccharide.

ABSTRACT: Modulating metabolic pathways in activated microglia can alter their phenotype, which is relevant in uncontrolled neuroinflammation as a component of various neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we investigated how pretreatment with agmatine, an endogenous polyamine, affects metabolic changes in an in vitro model of neuroinflammation, a murine microglial BV-2 cell line exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Hence, we analyzed gene expression using qPCR and protein levels using Western blot and ELISA. Microglial metabolic status was assessed by measuring lactate release and cellular ATP by enzymatic and luminescence spectrophotometry. Mitochondrial functionality was analyzed by fluorescent probes detecting mitochondrial membrane potential (mtMP) and superoxide production. Our findings suggest th

SUBMITTER: Milosevic K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11780571 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jan-Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature